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Book Chapter
Brittle Fracture of a 1020 Steel Stop-Block Guide on a Crane Runway
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048091
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... and welding. The metal was identified to be 1020 steel. It was indicated by the coarse as-rolled structure (grain size of ASTM 00 to 4) of the base metal that the weldment (stop block and guide) had not been normalized. The brittle failure was evaluated to have been initiated at a metallurgical and mechanical...
Abstract
A section from a stop-block guide fell to the floor on a crane runway after it failed. A brittle crystalline-type break was disclosed by examination of the fracture surface. The point of initiation was in a hardened heat-affected layer that had developed during flame cutting and welding. The metal was identified to be 1020 steel. It was indicated by the coarse as-rolled structure (grain size of ASTM 00 to 4) of the base metal that the weldment (stop block and guide) had not been normalized. The brittle failure was evaluated to have been initiated at a metallurgical and mechanical notch produced by flame cutting and welding. As corrective measures, fully silicon-killed 1020 steel with a maximum grain size of ASTM 5 were used to make new stop-block weldments. The weldments were normalized at 900 deg C after flame cutting and welding to improve microstructure and impact strength. All flame-cut surfaces were ground to remove notches.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Fracture of a 1020 Steel Crane Hook
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048060
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... Abstract The crane hook (rated for 13000 kg) failed in the threaded shank while lifting a load of 9072 kg. The metal in the hook was revealed by chemical analysis to be killed 1020 steel. It was disclosed by visual examination that the fracture had at the last thread on the shank and rough...
Abstract
The crane hook (rated for 13000 kg) failed in the threaded shank while lifting a load of 9072 kg. The metal in the hook was revealed by chemical analysis to be killed 1020 steel. It was disclosed by visual examination that the fracture had at the last thread on the shank and rough machining and chatter marks were evident on the threads. Beach marks that emanated from the thread-root locations on opposite sides of the fracture surface identified these locations to be the origins of the fracture. A medium-coarse slightly acicular structure was revealed by metallographic examination which indicated that the material was in the as-forged condition (which meant lower fatigue strength). The fracture was concluded to have occurred due to stress concentration in the root of the last thread. Normalizing of the crane hook after forging was suggested as a corrective measure. A stress-relief groove with a diam slightly smaller than the root diam was placed at the end of the thread and a large-radius fillet was machined at the change in diameter of the shank.
Image
Surface of 1020 steel eroded by SiC at 80 m/s (260 ft/s) and 30° impact ang...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 5 Surface of 1020 steel eroded by SiC at 80 m/s (260 ft/s) and 30° impact angle
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Image
Erosion rates of 1020 steel by 180 to 250 μm (7 to 10 mil) particles at 80 ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Erosion rates of 1020 steel by 180 to 250 μm (7 to 10 mil) particles at 80 m/s (260 ft/s)
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Image
Exposure to vibratory cavitation of normalized AISI 1020 steel. (a) Damage ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Exposure to vibratory cavitation of normalized AISI 1020 steel. (a) Damage after 5 min. (b) Material removal after 10 min
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Image
Typical design of a 45,360-kg (50-ton) capacity 1020 steel C-hook with a st...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 12 Typical design of a 45,360-kg (50-ton) capacity 1020 steel C-hook with a stress-relief groove at end of threads and well-proportioned radii in body. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
13,600-kg (15-ton) 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View of a ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 13 13,600-kg (15-ton) 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View of a fracture surface of the hook showing beach marks. Original and improved designs for the nut and the threaded end of the hook are also shown. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
Tensile fracture of a 1020 steel showing slanted fracture intersecting the ...
Available to Purchase
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 37 Tensile fracture of a 1020 steel showing slanted fracture intersecting the outside surface at an angle
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Image
Fractured 1020 steel showing an angled connection between a cup portion on ...
Available to Purchase
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 38 Fractured 1020 steel showing an angled connection between a cup portion on one half of the fractured bar and a cup portion on the other half
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Image
13,600-kg (15-ton) 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View of a ...
Available to Purchase
in Fatigue Fracture of a 1020 Steel Crane Hook
> ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories: Material Handling Equipment
Published: 01 June 2019
Fig. 1 13,600-kg (15-ton) 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View of a fracture surface of the hook showing beach marks. Original and improved designs for the nut and the threaded end of the hook are also shown. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
Typical design of a 45,360 kg (50 ton) capacity grade 1020 steel C-hook wit...
Available to Purchase
in Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 32 Typical design of a 45,360 kg (50 ton) capacity grade 1020 steel C-hook with a stress-relief groove at end of threads and well-proportioned radii. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
13,600 kg (15 ton) grade 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View...
Available to Purchase
in Failures of Cranes and Lifting Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 33 13,600 kg (15 ton) grade 1020 steel crane hook that failed in fatigue. View of a fracture surface of the hook showing beach marks (right). Original and improved designs for the nut and the threaded end of the hook are also shown (left). Dimensions given in inches
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Image
Surface of AISI 1020 carbon steel eroded by SiC at 80 m/s (260 ft/s) and 30...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 5 Surface of AISI 1020 carbon steel eroded by SiC at 80 m/s (260 ft/s) and 30° impact angle. Source: Ref 8
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Image
Erosion rates of AISI 1020 carbon steel by 180 to 250 μm (7 to 10 mils) par...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 6 Erosion rates of AISI 1020 carbon steel by 180 to 250 μm (7 to 10 mils) particles at 80 m/s (260 ft/s)
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Image
Tensile fracture of a 1020 plain carbon steel showing slanted fracture inte...
Available to Purchase
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 37 Tensile fracture of a 1020 plain carbon steel showing slanted fracture intersecting the outside surface at an angle
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Image
Fractured 1020 plain carbon steel showing an angled connection between a cu...
Available to Purchase
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 38 Fractured 1020 plain carbon steel showing an angled connection between a cup portion on one half of the fractured bar and a cup portion on the other half
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Book Chapter
Failure of a Forged Semikilled 1015 Steel Hook on a 13-mm ( 1 2 -in.) Diam Chain Sling
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c0048068
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... measure, the chain-sling hook was replaced with one made of normalized, fully killed, finegrain 1020 steel. Acicular structure Cranes Normalizing (heat treatment) 1015 UNS G10150 Metalworking-related failures Fatigue fracture A hook on a two-leg chain broke while lifting a 4990-kg (11,000...
Abstract
A hook on a two-leg chain (each 13 mm diam, included angle 60 deg) failed at the junction of the eye and shank while lifting a 4990 kg load. The diam of the hook at this junction was approximately 22 mm. Light intergranular oxidation at the surface on the side of the hook where cracking started was revealed by visual examination of the fracture region. Almost 50% of the fracture surface was found to contain beach marks (indicative of fatigue failure) while the remainder contained cleavage facets. A medium-coarse acicular as-forged structure was revealed by metallographic examination and the metal was showed by chemical analysis to be semikilled 1015 steel. The fatigue fracture was concluded to have initiated in the intergranular oxidation region and the failure of the hook was contributed by the poor fatigue and impact properties of the forged structure. As a corrective measure, the chain-sling hook was replaced with one made of normalized, fully killed, finegrain 1020 steel.
Book Chapter
Failure of an Aluminum Connector in an Electrical Transmission Cable
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001125
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract An 1100 aluminum alloy connector of a high-tension aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) transmission cable failed after more than 20 years in service, in a region of consider able industrial pollution. The steel core was spliced with a galvanized 1020 carbon steel sheath. Visual...
Abstract
An 1100 aluminum alloy connector of a high-tension aluminum conductor steel-reinforced (ACSR) transmission cable failed after more than 20 years in service, in a region of consider able industrial pollution. The steel core was spliced with a galvanized 1020 carbon steel sheath. Visual examination showed that the connector had undergone considerable plastic deformation and necking before fracture. The steel sheath was severely corroded, and the steel splice was pressed off-center in the axial direction inside the connector. Examination of the fracture surface and micro-structural analysis indicated that the failure was caused by mechanical overload, which occurred because of weakening of the steel support cable by corrosion inside the fitting. The corrosion was ascribed to defective assembly of the connector which allowed moisture penetration.
Book Chapter
Excessive Wear of Plain Carbon Steel Sprockets in a Chemical Plant Producing Fibers
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1992
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.v01.c9001073
EISBN: 978-1-62708-214-3
... Abstract Replacement sprockets installed on chain drive shafts for winding fibers exhibited excessive wear. Metallographic and chemical analyses conducted on the original and replacement sprockets showed that the material of the replacement sprocket was 1020 low-carbon steel, whereas...
Abstract
Replacement sprockets installed on chain drive shafts for winding fibers exhibited excessive wear. Metallographic and chemical analyses conducted on the original and replacement sprockets showed that the material of the replacement sprocket was 1020 low-carbon steel, whereas the original (and specified) material was medium-carbon 1045 steel. The low-carbon steel also had lower hardness because of a lower pearlite fraction in the microstructure. It was recommended that replacement sprockets be made of normalized 1045 steel. It was further suggested that wear resistance could be improved by through hardening or induction surface hardening of the teeth.
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