Electrical resistance alloys used to control or regulate electrical properties are called resistance alloys, and those used to generate heat are referred to as heating alloys. This article covers both alloy types, describing the construction and use of resistors as well as heating elements. It also discusses soldering and joining methods, sensitivity and stability factors, and various design coefficients. In addition, it provides a detailed account of the properties and applications of thermostat metals and discusses the design of resistance heaters and their operating ranges.