Electrochemical machining (ECM) is the controlled removal of metal by anodic dissolution in an electrolytic cell in which the workpiece is the anode and the tool is the cathode. This article begins with a description of the ECM system and then discusses the primary variables that affect current density and the material removal rate in the ECM process. It reviews the various characteristics of electrolytes and considers tool material and design. It also provides an overview of the properties of the workpiece and defines the surface finish and accuracy of an electrochemically machined sample. The variety of work done...