Shaped tube electrolytic machining (STEM) is a modified electrochemical machining (ECM) process that uses an acid electrolyte so that the removed metal goes into the solution instead of forming a precipitate. This article lists some specific machining applications of the STEM process, including turbine blade cooling holes, turbine vane cooling holes, turbine disk cooling passages, oil passages, and fuel nozzles. It describes the limitations and advantages of the STEM process. The article discusses the various tool parts of the STEM system, including the holding fixture, guide for cathodes, cathodes, and cathode holder/manifold. The article concludes with information on the...