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Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article describes the metallographic technique for nonferrous metals and special-purpose alloys. These include aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, lead and lead alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, magnetic alloys, tin and tin alloys, titanium and titanium...
Abstract
This article describes the metallographic technique for nonferrous metals and special-purpose alloys. These include aluminum alloys, copper and copper alloys, lead and lead alloys, magnesium alloys, nickel and nickel alloys, magnetic alloys, tin and tin alloys, titanium and titanium alloys, refractory metals and alloys, zinc and zinc alloys, and wrought heat-resisting alloys. The preparation of specimens for metallographic technique includes operations such as sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, and etching of nonferrous metals and alloys. The article contains tables that list the etchants for macroscopic examination and microscopic examination of nonferrous metals and special-purpose alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0005549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
...Abbreviations and Symbols Greek Alphabet Tradenames ASM Handbook, Volume 2: Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials Copyright © 1990 ASM International® ASM Handbook Committee, p 1273-1277 All rights reserved. DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0005549...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.9781627081627
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001425
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... special knowledge and treatments developed specifically for each material. This article emphasizes the special metallurgical welding considerations for welding solid-solution and precipitation hardening nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, and superalloys. cobalt alloys hardening nickel alloys...
Abstract
The process of making assemblies of solid-solution and precipitation hardening groups of alloys and superalloys often requires welding of dissimilar metals, welding of diffusion-bonded materials, and sometimes weld overlay cladding and even thermal spraying that in turn requires special knowledge and treatments developed specifically for each material. This article emphasizes the special metallurgical welding considerations for welding solid-solution and precipitation hardening nickel alloys, cobalt alloys, and superalloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001426
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article discusses special metallurgical considerations during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys. These considerations are: microstructure, interstitial impurities, and welding conditions that are considered during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys...
Abstract
This article discusses special metallurgical considerations during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys. These considerations are: microstructure, interstitial impurities, and welding conditions that are considered during the fusion welding of refractory metal alloys, including tantalum, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten. Refractory metal alloys are discussed in the order of decreasing weldability: tantalum, niobium, rhenium, molybdenum, and tungsten.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009074
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... in preparing polymeric composites for microscopic analysis are described in various articles in this Volume. These preparation techniques can be used for most fiber-reinforced composite materials. There are, however, a few composite materials that require special preparation techniques ( Ref 1 ). These may...
Abstract
This article focuses on the sample preparation methods for titanium honeycomb composites, boron fiber composites, and titanium/polymeric composite hybrids. These include mounting, sectioning, grinding, and polishing. The article also provides information on the sample preparation of unstaged and staged prepreg materials for optical analysis.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001461
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This is an introductory article to special welding and joining topics focusing on various unique aspects related to three major joining technologies, namely, welding, brazing, and soldering. brazing joining soldering welding WELDING, BRAZING, AND SOLDERING are pervasive...
Book Chapter
Book: Systems Failure Analysis
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.sfa.t52780047
EISBN: 978-1-62708-268-6
... Abstract This chapter covers special fault-tree analysis topics, including the use of transfer symbols, INHIBIT gates, sequential AND gates, state-of-the-part versus state-of-the-system considerations, and the fault tree to identify redundancy-defeating failures. INHIBIT gates sequential...
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.msisep.t59220519
EISBN: 978-1-62708-259-4
... Abstract This chapter examines the microstructure of special bar quality (or engineering) steels and how it is influenced by carbon content, tempering temperature, and prior austenitic grain size. It explains how some of the changes are difficult to detect and require special etching...
Abstract
This chapter examines the microstructure of special bar quality (or engineering) steels and how it is influenced by carbon content, tempering temperature, and prior austenitic grain size. It explains how some of the changes are difficult to detect and require special etching and/or measurement techniques. It provides information on many types of engineering steel, including medium and high-carbon steels used in rail applications. It also examines the effect of nickel-phosphorus coatings on stainless steel and phosphate coatings used to reduce friction during thread rolling and other such procedures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.matlhand.c9001428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-224-2
... Abstract A special eyebolt was used to lift prefabricated concrete panels weighing approximately 16 cwt. Two eyebolts were used with a spreader bar to give a vertical lift on each eyebolt. Following failure of one eyebolt, which resulted in dropping of the load and subsequent failure...
Abstract
A special eyebolt was used to lift prefabricated concrete panels weighing approximately 16 cwt. Two eyebolts were used with a spreader bar to give a vertical lift on each eyebolt. Following failure of one eyebolt, which resulted in dropping of the load and subsequent failure of the other one, a complete eyebolt was submitted for assessment. Microscopic examination indicated a medium carbon-manganese steel had been used for the lower screwed portion of the eyebolt. Failure may have been due to brittle fracture or to fatigue, both of which could have been initiated at cracks in the hardened material in the region of the weld securing the screwed portion to the intermediate collar and which may have formed at the time of manufacture. Out-of-squareness of the thread with the collar, as was seen in the example submitted, gave rise to bending stresses when the bolt was tightened down, and this could have been a further factor which promoted failure. It was suggested that the design and construction could be improved by either making the component in one piece or, if it was desired, to adapt a standard eyebolt.
Series: ASM Failure Analysis Case Histories
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.fach.modes.c9001459
EISBN: 978-1-62708-234-1
... essential characteristics as those that develop under bending, and they do not therefore call for special comment. Combined Stresses The presence of stress systems acting in combination can sometimes he deduced from a study of a fatigue fracture. For instance, if a component is nominally subjected...
Abstract
Fundamentals of fatigue failure are outlined. Addressed are fatigue crack characteristics, basic crack types, unidirectional bending, alternate bending, rotary bending, torsion, direct stress, and combined stress. Stress cycle, endurance limits, under and overstressing, stress concentration, and surface condition are discussed. Sections are devoted to fatigue crack assessment, corrosion relation to fatigue failure, and the micro-mechanisms of fatigue failure. Materials considered include steels. Photographs of service failures are used to illustrate features alluded to in the text.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.ts5.t65900141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-358-4
... Abstract The low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, designated as group L steels in the AISI classification system, are similar to the water-hardening tool steels but have somewhat greater alloy content. This chapter discusses the metallurgy and performance of low-alloy special-purpose tool...
Abstract
The low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, designated as group L steels in the AISI classification system, are similar to the water-hardening tool steels but have somewhat greater alloy content. This chapter discusses the metallurgy and performance of low-alloy special-purpose tool steels, including those with high carbon content, those with medium carbon content, and those containing nickel.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 1988
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.eihdca.t65220281
EISBN: 978-1-62708-341-6
... Abstract Induction heating has found widespread use as a method to raise the temperature of a metal prior to forming or joining, or to change its metallurgical structure. However, induction heating has specialized capabilities that make it suitable for applications outside of metal treatment...
Abstract
Induction heating has found widespread use as a method to raise the temperature of a metal prior to forming or joining, or to change its metallurgical structure. However, induction heating has specialized capabilities that make it suitable for applications outside of metal treatment and fabrication. This chapter summarizes some of the special applications of induction heating, including those in the plastics, packaging, electronics, glass, chemical, and metal-finishing industries. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the application of induction heating for vacuum processes.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.chffa.t51040141
EISBN: 978-1-62708-300-3
... must be often preformed to achieve adequate material distribution, especially in hot forging with flash. Several special machines are used for the purpose of preforming the incoming stock. Some of these machines may also be used for finish forging. The principle of forging rolls, or reducer rolls...
Abstract
Prior to forging, it is often necessary to preform billet stock to achieve adequate material distribution. This chapter discusses the equipment used for such operations, including transverse rolling machines, electric upsetters, ring-rolling mills, horizontal presses, and rotary (orbital) and radial forging machines. It describes their basic operating principles as well as advantages and disadvantages.
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 March 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.fdsm.t69870325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-344-7
... and ceramic fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites. bone cyclic loading ceramics fatigue crack growth fatigue modeling fatigue properties fatigue test polymers Introduction In this chapter we consider several classes of materials that are of special interest: polymers, bone, ceramics...
Abstract
This chapter discusses the effect of fatigue on polymers, ceramics, composites, and bone. It begins with a general comparison of polymers and metals, noting important differences in microstructure and cyclic loading response. It then presents the results of several studies that shed light on the fatigue behavior and crack growth mechanisms of common structural polymers and moves on from there to discuss the fatigue behavior of bone and how it compares to stable and cyclically softening metals. It also discusses the fatigue characteristics of engineered and composited ceramics and ceramic fiber-reinforced metal-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Technical Books
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.tb.omfrc.t53030067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-349-2
... Abstract The most common methods for preparing polymeric composites for microscopic analysis can be used for most fiber-reinforced composite materials. There are, however, a few composite materials that require special preparation techniques. This chapter discusses the processes involved...
Abstract
The most common methods for preparing polymeric composites for microscopic analysis can be used for most fiber-reinforced composite materials. There are, however, a few composite materials that require special preparation techniques. This chapter discusses the processes involved in the preparation of titanium honeycomb composites, boron fiber composites, titanium/polymeric composite hybrids, and uncured prepreg materials.
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 6 Typical roof ring with cooling face. (a) Designed for use with special-shaped or cut starter brick. (b) Designed for use with skewback starter brick. (c) Designed for use with special-shaped or cut starter brick
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Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 20 Single-point ground terminal that was ultrasonically welded using a special tooling package that gathers the wire for welding, then automatically folds over the strain-relief arms
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Image
Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 31 Use of a special form milling cutter for producing a six-surface contour Cutter details Type Special form Size, mm (in.) 89 (3.5) max diameter Number of teeth 12 Material High-speed steel Machining conditions Speed, at 225 rev/min, m/min (sfm) 63 (206
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Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 14 Compression bend produced in tubing, and special burner used for localized heating of the workpiece before bending. Dimensions given in inches
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