Search Results for martensitic stainless steels

Vacuum solution nitriding is a promising technique for increasing the surface hardness, load-bearing capability, and fatigue strength of martensitic stainless steels without sacrificing corrosion resistance. This article examines the effects of nitriding pressure and temperature on surface nitrogen content and case depth in four martensitic stainless steels.

Deformation-induced martensite phase transformation during room temperature forming of austenitic stainless steel leads to higher residual stress. This article discusses the results of a study to determine the relationship between deformation-induced martensite phase transformation and residual stress in AISI Type 304 austenitic stainless steel (nominal 18% Cr, 8% Ni) after stamping.

In order to expand the choice of materials available for use in additive manufacturing, parameters that consider welding metallurgy, laser powder interaction, and post processing must be developed. This article describes the outcomes of process development for a steel and stainless steel alloy that are not standard materials for laser powder bed fusion equipment.

Induction heating is used to produce high quality, reliable aerospace components as well as unique combinations of engineering characteristics.

From wartime use to cutlery and building facades, the stainless steel industry began to experience dynamic growth from the 1920s on, especially following World War II.

One of the greatest advances in modern metallurgy was the discovery of a steel that does not rust, which occurred after research into high chromium steels began. French researchers began adding chromium or nickel to heat treated alloy steels during the 1880s and 1890s, while German researchers began combining chromium with nickel in the 1890s. This article recounts the early history of stainless steel.

Given the demonstrated antimicrobial properties of copper, it is incumbent upon materials scientists to design potent antimicrobial copper-containing stainless steels as an economical option.

Annealing and normalizing both involve heating metal to a temperature and cooling back to room temperature and are differentiated by the metals involved and rate of cooling. This article is an overview of annealing and normalizing processes.

A new solid-state joining process for medical guidewire applications increases joint strength, provides superior bending properties, and does not require tertiary metals or ferrules. This process may be a superior method to create joints between dissimilar metals such as stainless steel and Nitinol.

This article reviews the analytical techniques used for phase identification in components, including x-ray diffraction, metallography/microscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, trasmission electron microscopy,and atom probe tomography. The article addresses the advantages and disadvantages of each technique compared to the other approaches.

This introduction to the metallurgy of flatware describes the grades and qualities of metals used in typical cutlery and the reasons to choose one set over another.

Understanding the forces behind decarburization is the first step toward minimizing its detrimental effects. This article reviews decarburization basics and results of experimental work on spring steels.

The growth and exfoliation of thermally grown oxides, or scales, in steam power plants is a complex phenomenon that depends on alloy composition, microstructure (including surface condition), temperature, pressure, and plant operation. This article discusses the factors that contribute to oxide scale buildup in ultrasupercritical boiler tubes and ongoing efforts to mitigate problems due to steam-side oxidation and exfoliation in high-efficiency power plants.

Low-temperature surface hardening of stainless steel by means of gaseous processing provides a high degree of tailorability of the hard surface case without affecting corrosion resistance. This article covers the fundamental and technological aspects of the process and examines the effect of different LTSH treatments on 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steel.

In this study, 316L stainless steel samples were plasma nitrided for 64 h at 370-420 °C then subjected to surface hardness and pitting corrosion testing. The results show that interstitial hardening with nitrogen significantly improved the surface hardness as well as the pitting corrosion resistance of the austenitic stainless steel.

Selecting materials for high-pressure hydrogen systems requires balancing technical understanding of hydrogen embrittlement and business considerations. While the direct effect of hydrogen on materials is usually manifested as ductility loss under tension stress, the most concerning failure in a hydrogen system is fatigue. Although no material is immune to property degradation caused by hydrogen, Type 316 stainless steel is among the best in resisting hydrogen embrittlement.

Martempering involves cooling steel from the austenitizing temperature and rapidly cooling into either specially formulated petroleum oil or a molten salt bath with a specific composition to a temperature slightly above the martensite start (Ms) transformation temperature of the steel. Martempering is performed to reduce distortion problems that may be encountered with conventional quenching methods. This article, adapted from the latest ASM Handbook on quenching and quenchants, describes suitable steels for martempering and variables that influence the process.

Plasma nitriding is very effective in removing the passive layer of chromium oxide formed naturally on the surface of stainless steel, but controlling the kinetics is key for optimal results.

Advanced materials engineering is being used to solve component life cycle improvement challenges in extremely harsh working conditions. This article discusses examples from various industries where new materials and surface modifications are used to extend the useful life of engineering components and equipment.

A pin used to hold the side plates together in a conveyor chain system fractured and failed, prompting a metallurgical failure analysis. This case study reviews the analytical steps and conclusions from the study of the failed pin.