Residual stress is generally defined as the stress that is retained in equilibrium in a body or material after manufacturing or processing operations or component usage in the absence of any external forces. This article provides an overview of residual stress measurement methods, including diffraction-based, piezo-spectroscopic/Raman, mechanical, ultrasound, and magnetic techniques. It includes a discussion of measurement planning and execution considerations.

This article series explores the indispensable role of characterization in the development of cold spray coatings and illustrates some of the common processes used during coating development.

Raman spectroscopy is an indispensable tool in laboratories conducting research in the nascent field of carbon nanomaterials. It provides comprehensive information about the structure and layer thickness of graphene samples with high levels of sensitivity, stability, and control.