A temperature management system is essential to accurately monitor and control the heat treating process for maximum productivity and product quality.

Emissivity is a term used to define the ability of a surface to emit and absorb radiation. At any given temperature, the emissivity of a body (or surface) equals its absorptivity. Development work on a vacuum carburizing process revealed the need to better understand the effect of workload surface emissivity and the proper use of dummy thermocouple test blocks. This article reports on the findings from this research effort.

Thermal spraying is being incorporated into more manufacturing processes where its primary role is to deposit a layer of material or a free-standing structure that has a functional, rather than a passive, role. Examples include thermally sprayed membranes, electrodes, antennas, thermocouples, inductors, and electrical contacts.