1-20 of 45 Search Results for

iron-rich oxide scale

Follow your search
Access your saved searches in your account

Would you like to receive an alert when new items match your search?
Close Modal
Sort by
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 888-899, October 11–14, 2016,
... the alloys. Air aging experiments enabled a distinction between carburisation reactions and carbide precipitation as a result of alloy equilibration. The stainless steel was much less resistant to CO 2 attack, rapidly entering breakaway corrosion, developing an external iron-rich oxide scale and internal...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 1113-1125, October 11–14, 2016,
... not observe any modification of the diffusion front and only a thin oxide layer was observed on the top of VALIORTM P92 sample (Figure 3b). In contrast, a very thick iron-rich oxide scale was observed on the standard non-coated P92 sample. Typical oxide morphology is observed [11]: beneath the original metal...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 205-216, October 21–24, 2019,
... distributions in scales formed on a) MARBN and b) Super VM12 after 5,000h exposure at 625°C in Ar-50%H2O. An increase of the oxidation temperature from 625°C to 650°C resulted in the formation of a thicker iron rich oxide scale covering the surface of the MARBN specimen. EDX analyses in Fig. 7 show...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 1093-1103, October 22–25, 2013,
...)) that are formed on VM12-SHC steel, tend to be formed on the 9%Cr steels [15, 16]. The scales differed mainly in respect to the morphology and relative amount of the formed oxide phases. They consisted of a thick multiphase iron-rich oxide scales, an inner layer formed beneath the 1099 original metal surface...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 832-843, October 11–14, 2016,
...]. Magnetite is reported to form via the outward diffusion of Fe cations resulting in new oxide formation primarily at the oxide/gas interface. The outward diffusion of iron is deemed to be the rate determining step and is heavily impeded by the chromium concentration within the scale making the spinel layer...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 855-866, October 11–14, 2016,
.... The iron oxide can be present as both hematite and magnetite. The figure clearly shows the location of iron rich scale in the upper right-hand image. Below the iron oxide are the spinel layer and sometimes a layer of chromia. The spinel layer is enriched with nickel and chromium. The chromia layer...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 647-654, October 21–24, 2019,
... 600 to 700 0C. A different reaction morphology was seen after exposure at 750 0C, where a thicker, duplex scale grew on the whole specimen surface. The scale consisted of an inner oxide, rich in chromium, and an outer Fe3O4 layer with a thin Fe2O3 layer on the top of the scale. It indicates...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 327-335, October 21–24, 2019,
... alloy oxidized for 86.4 ks. The elemental mapping distinguished multilayer of oxide on the Fe-9Cr-2Nb alloy. The outer scale mostly consists of iron and oxygen, which indicated the 332 formation of iron oxide. On the other hand, the inner scale was rich in chromium together with the presence of iron...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 198-212, August 31–September 3, 2010,
... establishment of a more protective, Cr-rich oxide scale (17). In an attempt to mitigate the oxide exfoliation that occurs on austenitic stainless steels containing <19% Cr, two different ID surface treatments were applied: shot peening (shot blasting - SB) and deep rolling (DR). Both SB and DR cold work...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 1004-1013, October 21–24, 2019,
... and carburization in dry CO2. However, this protection is not long lived in wet CO2 because long time exposure leads to the formation of a thick iron-rich oxide layer (Fig. 7d). As a result, breakaway oxidation and carburisation occur in Fe-20Cr-2Mn alloy in wet CO2. Gas 2 )gas 2 )gas )eq MOy M aC = K2 pC2O pCO2 2...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 924-930, October 11–14, 2016,
... condition. Test was conducted in a supercritical water autoclave environment at 700°C/250 bar with 150 ppb dissolved oxygen for up to 1000 h. All specimens were covered with chromium rich oxide, although iron rich oxide nodules had started to grow on the surface of alloy 800H. Some thickening of oxide layer...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 791-802, October 22–25, 2013,
... 1000 h at 675°C. The results show that the thin oxide formed on the milled surface (Fig. 9a) is chromium-rich, while the oxide formed on the spark eroded and ground surface is iron-rich up to the top. Figure 10 shows the GDOES results for S31035 after 1000 h at 625°C. The oxide on the milled surface...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 863-880, October 22–25, 2013,
... not have the ability to form a more protective oxide scale on the surface upon exposure to the highly oxidizing/sulfidizing combustion gases in the upper furnace of advanced coal-fired boilers. As a result, a scale morphology consisting of both iron oxide and iron sulfide was produced on the metal surface...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 839-849, August 31–September 3, 2010,
...-coated T122 specimen that failed after 5kh at 700°C, Figure 5a. In the area shown, the coating was not breached by the formation of Fe-rich oxide, but the surface Al content had dropped to ~2.3at.% after this exposure. The maps of this region in Figures 5b-5f show a thin external alumina scale...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 213-242, August 31–September 3, 2010,
... to total thicknesses in excess of 400 µm. CALCULATIONS FOR FERRITIC-MARTENSITIC STEEL T91 Oxide Growth The oxide scales grown on alloy T91 in steam an initially very similar to those formed on alloy T22, as summarized in Fig. 1, with the main difference being the formation of obvious Cr-rich oxide...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 197-204, October 21–24, 2019,
... and microstructural stability were enhanced. The chromium content was increased to improve steam oxidation resistance by promoting the formation of a Cr-rich, compact and passivating scale when exposed to high temperature steam. In addition, Mo and Nb contents were adjusted to prevent the formation of unwanted...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 348-359, October 21–24, 2019,
... of the oxide on the inner surface of IBN1 reveals that there are two distinct parts to the oxide islands: an outer nodule-type oxide and an inner crater region. Chemical analysis of the oxide scale islands reveal that they consist of Fe-rich outer oxide with an internal crater rich in Cr. This crater region...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2024, Advances in Materials, Manufacturing, and Repair for Power Plants: Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference, 1066-1074, October 15–18, 2024,
... an important factor in resisting high-temperature oxidation and nitridation attack. INTRODUCTION Nitrogen or nitrogen-containing gases are widely used or present in industry. Nitrogen gas, nitrogen-rich atmospheres, and ammonia can react with alloys to form internal nitrides at high temperatures...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 1138-1148, October 11–14, 2016,
... that all three alloys developed extremely thin and adherent oxide scales. It has been observed in this study, that HAYNES® 282® WROUGHT alloy showed no internal oxidation process. However, in two other alloys isolated oxides rich in Al and Ti have been observed in the grain boundaries, suggesting internal...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 777-790, October 22–25, 2013,
... oxidation [5]. However, as the Figure 18 Fe-H-O phase diagram at 625 787 outward flux of iron ions slows due to the formation of Cr-rich oxides in the inner layer, a gradual increase in void formation at the interface between the inner and outer layer together with scale lifting enable oxidation...