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cooling rate

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Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 506-512, October 21–24, 2019,
... with the cooling rates of 5~100 K/h. After the heat treatment, both γ’ phases of intragranular particle and nodule along grain boundaries were observed, and the both sizes increased by slowing down the cooling rate. That is, the area fraction of γ’-nodule increased from about 0.1 % in the sample cooled at 100 K/h...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 1160-1169, October 11–14, 2016,
... of weld thermal histories. For the first time, it was shown that ferrite can form in the IC HAZ of Grade 91 steel welds. The magnitude of the ferrite transformation was observed to decrease with faster cooling rates. The presence of ferrite in the simulated IC HAZ microstructure was shown to decrease...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 523-534, October 21–24, 2019,
... an alternative, more economical, 1-step aging treatment and compared microstructure, tensile properties at 750˚C and deformation behavior. Moreover, three cooling rates from the solution temperature were studied to simulate large-scale components conditions. We found that as much as about 20% of fine spherical...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 361-372, August 31–September 3, 2010,
... Abstract The effect of grain size after solution treatment on the mechanical properties of FENIX-700, including its cooling rate, was investigated. In addition, the dependance of precipitation observed at grain boundaries on the heat treatment conditions was also discussed on the basis...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 573-585, October 22–25, 2013,
... Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the typical range of weld metal cooling rates and phase transformations during multipass gas-tungsten arc (GTA) welding of Grade 23 (SA-213 T23) tubing, and to correlate these to the microstructure and hardness in the weld metal and heat...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 787-799, August 31–September 3, 2010,
.... This research examines the effects of simulated post weld heat treatments (PWHT) on Grade 91 and 92 materials using dilatometer-controlled heating and cooling rates, with peak temperatures below Ac 1 , between Ac 1 and Ac 3 , and above Ac 3 , followed by heat treatment at 750°C for 2 hours. Hardness...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2024, Advances in Materials, Manufacturing, and Repair for Power Plants: Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference, 13-22, October 15–18, 2024,
... state, it is essential to appropriately select the cooling rate after solution treatment, stabilizing treatment and aging treatment conditions. chromium carbides cooling rate creep rupture ductility grain boundaries intragranular strength metallurgical mechanism nickel superalloys solution...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 174-184, October 21–24, 2019,
... performed using a Zwick/Roell ZHV tester. Dilatometry was conducted on Grade P22 at two different cooling rates that capture the cooling range for the continuously cooled ST creep specimens to identify the propensity for bainite and martensite formation. RESULTS Creep Tests As anticipated, the PAG size...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 904-913, October 21–24, 2019,
... Homogenization The alloys were cooled down at rates of 1, 10 and 50 °C/m to room temperature after homogenization at 1280 °C for 5 h, based on the heat treatment scheme shown in Fig. 2, where, Ts and TE mean solvus temperature and eutectoid temperature of the alloy, respectively. Figure 2: Heat treatment scheme...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 914-923, October 21–24, 2019,
... of 1,403 K and hot rolled (caliberrolling) at a temperature of 1,273 K to a reduction rate of approximately 90%. It then underwent solution treatment in a b single-phase region followed by air cooling. Finally, it was subjected to aging treatment for 28.3 ks at a temperature of 863 K and then air-cooled...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2004, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Fourth International Conference, 1227-1228, October 25–28, 2004,
... diameter rods and then heat-treated with normalizing (1313K for 1 hour, air cooling) and tempering (1033K for 1 hour, air cooling). LCF tests were conducted at 300-873K with varying strain amplitudes and strain rates to understand the influence of both factors. Additionally, some specimens were aged...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2024, Advances in Materials, Manufacturing, and Repair for Power Plants: Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference, 561-572, October 15–18, 2024,
... to the chemical composition of the T23 welding rod. Figure 13: Microstructure of dissimilar tube weld cross-section (left: fire side, right: non-fire side). 568 The ideal T23 microstructure is composed mostly of bainite, but generally bainite and ferrite are mixed [5]. The higher the cooling rate, the higher...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 690-701, October 11–14, 2016,
...), was used to evaluate the influence of different cooling rates during solidification on the cast microstructure and mechanical properties. The shape of the case geometry was designed to produce material with varying section thicknesses. Figure 1: Nickel alloy 282 centrifugal casting, mold assembly...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 123-134, October 21–24, 2019,
... various PWHT conditions as described in Table 5. 127 Table 5: PWHT conditions for mechanical testing of P91 and Super VM12 weld metal filler metal Böhler FOX C 9 MV Böhler FOX MTS 5 CoTB PWHT temperature 760 760 770 780 790 800 810 820 840 heating rate [K/h] 80 holding time [min] 120 cooling rate [K/h] 80...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2010, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Sixth International Conference, 373-385, August 31–September 3, 2010,
..., a segregation test(3) was performed with a small simulator ingot. From simulator test results, relationship between dendrite arm spacing and cooling rate was investigated. The 850 ingot was manufactured and investigated by microstructure observation and compare with the simulation results. Results...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 976-980, October 21–24, 2019,
... attention has been paid to investigating relationship of the oxidation behavior with the initial microstructure of Alloy718. Moreover, EBM scanning differs from SLM scanning in fundamental ways, and the cooling rate induced by highly localized heat input, energy absorption, scanning spacing, as well as pre...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2019, 2019 Joint EPRI – 123HiMAT International Conference on Advances in High-Temperature Materials, 90-95, October 21–24, 2019,
..., followed by gas cooling. The cooling rate of cooling from 1300 °C to 800 °C was about 35 °C/s in each heat treatment. The heat treatments were performed under an argon flow condition with infrared furnace. Fig.1(b) shows a heat treatment profile example which isothermal treated at 1100 °C for 30s...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 939-950, October 11–14, 2016,
... base steels and 942 filler metals (Figure 8). The martensite start temperature (Ms) of the base alloy and filler metal were similar; at a cooling rate of 20°C/s, the Ms was in the range of 375°C 388°C and this level is similar to P92 weld metal [9]. However, it decreased considerably when cooling...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 202-214, October 22–25, 2013,
... furnace shown in Fig. 3. The chemical composition of the specimen is shown in Table 1. The horizontal directionally solidification furnace enables the changing of the cooling rate and solidification rate (R) by controlling the heater and the water cooled chill. The cooling rate and solidification rate (R...
Proceedings Papers

AM-EPRI2024, Advances in Materials, Manufacturing, and Repair for Power Plants: Proceedings from the Tenth International Conference, 669-677, October 15–18, 2024,
... in a proportional amount of time. Additionally, this coating technology is well-suited to coat complex-shaped parts. 670 This process, combined with the unique structure of the powder, will ensure that the amorphous structure of the sprayed materials is retained since the cooling rate during the thermal spraying...