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1-3 of 3 Search Results for
carbon permeation
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Proceedings Papers
AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 888-899, October 11–14, 2016,
... carburisation. Results are discussed with reference to alloy chromium diffusion and carbon permeation of oxide scales. carbide precipitation carbon permeation carburization reactions chromium diffusion corrosion iron-rich oxide scale nickel-base alloys stainless steel supercritical CO 2...
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Nickel-base alloys were exposed to flowing supercritical CO 2 (P = 20MPa) at temperatures of 700 to 1000°C for up to 1000 h. For comparison, 316L stainless steel was similarly exposed at 650°C. To simulate likely service conditions, tubular samples of each alloy were internally pressurised by flowing CO 2 , inducing hoop stresses up to 35 MPa in the tube walls. Materials tested were Haynes alloys 188, 230 and 282, plus HR120 and HR160. These alloys developed chromia scales and, to different extents, an internal oxidation zone. In addition, chromium-rich carbides precipitated within the alloys. Air aging experiments enabled a distinction between carburisation reactions and carbide precipitation as a result of alloy equilibration. The stainless steel was much less resistant to CO 2 attack, rapidly entering breakaway corrosion, developing an external iron-rich oxide scale and internal carburisation. Results are discussed with reference to alloy chromium diffusion and carbon permeation of oxide scales.
Proceedings Papers
AM-EPRI2013, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference, 1417-1421, October 22–25, 2013,
... the initially formed protective Cr 2 O 3 scale facilitated gas permeation. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed dependence of nodule formation on the oxygen content in the gas mixtures. carbon dioxide gas mixtures gas permeation high temperature oxidation intrinsic defects...
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The high-temperature oxidation of Fe-9Cr-1Mo steel in a CO 2 environment, with varying oxygen content (0.6-3%), was investigated at 700°C. While the steel heavily oxidized in pure CO 2 , the oxidation mass gain decreased significantly with increasing oxygen content. Microscopic analysis revealed the formation of Fe-rich nodules with an internal Cr-carbide layer beneath them. Notably, the number of nodules decreased with increasing oxygen content but remained independent of the oxidation time. To explain these observations, the authors propose that “intrinsic” defects within the initially formed protective Cr 2 O 3 scale facilitated gas permeation. This mechanism is believed to be responsible for the observed dependence of nodule formation on the oxygen content in the gas mixtures.
Proceedings Papers
AM-EPRI2016, Advances in Materials Technology for Fossil Power Plants: Proceedings from the Eighth International Conference, 844-854, October 11–14, 2016,
... and precipitation-strengthened Ni-base alloys identified by the U.S. Advanced Ultrasupercritical Steam Consortium [34,35] and alumina-forming alloys, which may be more resistant to both H2O effects and C permeation [31,32,36]. Previously, the thicker reaction products for conventional steels under these conditions...
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In both direct- and indirect-fired supercritical CO 2 (sCO 2 ) cycles, there is considerable interest in increasing the size and efficiency of such systems, perhaps by increasing the peak temperature to >700°C. However, relatively little experimental data are available under these conditions with pressures of 200-300 bar. Furthermore, impurities such as O 2 and H 2 O in the CO 2 may greatly alter the compatibility of structural alloys in these environments. While an experimental rig is being constructed that can measure and control the impurity levels in sCO 2 at 200-300 bar, initial 1 bar experiments at 700°-800°C for 500 h have been conducted in high-purity and industrial grade CO 2 , CO 2 +0.15O 2 and CO 2 +10%H 2 O and compared to exposures in dry air and 200 bar sCO 2 . These results, focusing on Fe- and Ni-base structural alloys and commercial chromia- and alumina-forming alloys, indicate that modifications in the environment did not strongly affect the reaction products at 700°-800°C.