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Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1990) 39 (6): TS-501.
Published: 01 June 1990
... No. 484 tool steel is an air hardening tool steel capable of through hardening in heavy sections. Isothermal transformation of material austenitized at 1750 starts after about 400 seconds at 1300 F and after about 1000 seconds at 600 F. The calculated Ms temperature is 325 F. The steel has a good...
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View articletitled, No. 484 TOOL STEEL: Air Hardening Tool Steel, Type A2
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for article titled, No. 484 TOOL STEEL: Air Hardening Tool Steel, Type A2
No. 484 tool steel is an air hardening tool steel capable of through hardening in heavy sections. Isothermal transformation of material austenitized at 1750 starts after about 400 seconds at 1300 F and after about 1000 seconds at 600 F. The calculated Ms temperature is 325 F. The steel has a good hardness/toughness balance. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on wear resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-501. Producer or source: Carpenter.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1984) 33 (7): SA-400.
Published: 01 July 1984
... transformation (0 rougher bainitic structures, even at the low cooling rates typical of large forgings. The isothermal-transformation diagram in Figure I illustrates the abilirv of a nickel-molybdenum steel to suppress the pearlite transformaiion in section sizes ranpng from 5 to 80 inches in diameter. Figure I...
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View articletitled, ALLOY STEEL 3.5Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V: Steel for Heavy Forgings
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for article titled, ALLOY STEEL 3.5Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V: Steel for Heavy Forgings
Alloy Steel 3.5 Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V is highly suitable for massive components, usually more than four inches thick. It has only moderate hardenability but 5-inch to 80-inch rounds can be cooled from the austenitizing temperature in air or a water-spray quench to produce ferrite, bainite and martensite of ferrite and bainite. This steel is suitable for light and intermediate-duty generator and turbine rotors, large axles and shafts, large gears and ship forgings. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-400. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (2020) 69 (11): TS-803.
Published: 01 November 2020
... Metals Handbook Desk Edition, 2nd ed., ASM International, 1998, p 864. Heat Treatment Isothermal Transformation Diagram. See Fig. 1. Furnace Environment. Austenitization should be performed in a vacuum furnace or under a protective atmosphere to avoid decarburization or oxidation of the surfaces. Fig. 1...
Abstract
View articletitled, CARTECH A6: High-Carbon, Mn-Cr-Mo, Alloy Cold-Work Tool Steel
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for article titled, CARTECH A6: High-Carbon, Mn-Cr-Mo, Alloy Cold-Work Tool Steel
CarTech A6, also known as CarTech Vega, is an air-hardening, high-carbon (0.70%), Mn-Cr-Mo, alloy cold-work tool steel. It combines the deep-hardening and minimum size change characteristics of air-hardening tool steels with the simplicity of low-temperature heat treatment possible in many oil-hardening tool steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-803. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1971) 20 (9): SA-268.
Published: 01 September 1971
... to Brinell 200-220 (Rockwell C 13-18). Qil quenched or isothermally transformed material (700 and 775oF bainites) can be softened to Rockwell C 22-28 by tempering at llOOoF, 1 hour. Carburizing, Hardening and Tempering: Gas carburizing is preferred but pack carburizing can be employed if some spent compound...
Abstract
View articletitled, 5 Ni-0.25 Mo STEEL: High Hardenability Carburizing Steel, SAE EX1
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for article titled, 5 Ni-0.25 Mo STEEL: High Hardenability Carburizing Steel, SAE EX1
The 5 Ni-025 Mo Steel is a carburizing steel designed for heavy-duty service. It possesses materially higher hardenability in both case and core than any other commercially available carburizing steel free from the processing difficulties associated with the formation of massive chromium carbides. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-268. Producer or source: Copperweld Steel Company.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1971) 20 (12): SA-270.
Published: 01 December 1971
... 5000 3000 77 800 C FIGURE 1 - ISOTHERMAL TRANSFORMATION DIAGRAM 1400 Ae3 - 1200 loo0 C Mn P 5 Si Ni Cr MO me .17 .28 ,003 .005 .02 9.10 .77 1.00 800 600 F I IO IO2 IO3 IO4 TIME-SECONDS Heat Treatment: Anneal: Heat to 1 l5OoF for 24 hours, air cool. Normalize: 16500F +_ 25oF, 1 br/in., 1 hr minimum, air...
Abstract
View articletitled, REPUBLIC HP 9-4-20: Heat Treated Alloy Steel, Consumable Electrode Vacuum Melted
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for article titled, REPUBLIC HP 9-4-20: Heat Treated Alloy Steel, Consumable Electrode Vacuum Melted
REPUBLIC HP 9-4-20 is designed especially for applications requiring optimum combinations of relatively high yield strength and toughness with good weldability. This alloy is capable of providing 180,000 psi yield strength in combination with a Charpy V-notch value of 50 ft-lb at 75 F in plate thicknesses up to at least 4 inches. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness, creep, and fatigue. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-270. Producer or source: Republic Steel Corporation.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1984) 33 (10): SA-403.
Published: 01 October 1984
.... These compositions suppress the pearlire transformation and promote transformation to tougher bainilicstructures. even at the low coolingrares typical of large forgings. The isothermal-Iransformalion diagram in Figure I illustrares rhe ability; of a nickel-molybdenum steel to suppress the pearlire transformanon...
Abstract
View articletitled, ALLOY STEEL 5Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V: Steel for Heavy Forgings
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for article titled, ALLOY STEEL 5Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V: Steel for Heavy Forgings
Alloy Steel 5Ni-0.25Mo-0.05V is highly suitable for massive components, usually more than four inches thick. It has only moderate hardenability but 5-inch to 80-inch rounds can be cooled from the austenitizing temperature in air or a water-spray quench to produce ferrite, bainite and martensite or ferrite and bainite. This steel is suitable for light and intermediate-duty generator and turbine rotors, large axles and shafts, large gears, ship forgings, and many other thick-section components. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-403. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1985) 34 (1): SA-405.
Published: 01 January 1985
...-1650 F. furnace cool to 156-170 Brine11 hardness. Isothermal Anneal: Heat to 155~16OW F. transform at ll75- 1200°F for 2 hours, air cool to 170 Brinell hardness. DOI: 10.31399/asm.ad.sa0405 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 Carbon, % Fig. Z-Effect of carbon content oncore tensile properties. Direct...
Abstract
View articletitled, UNS G46260: Nickel Molybdenum Alloy Steel
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for article titled, UNS G46260: Nickel Molybdenum Alloy Steel
UNS No. G46260 is a carburizing grade of alloy steel. Both the core and the carburized case have relatively good mechanical properties. This steel is used for producing case-hardened parts such as gears, pinions, chuck jaws and camshafts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, joining, and surface treatment. Filing Code: SA-405. Producer or source: Alloy steel mills and foundries.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (2023) 72 (9): CS-258.
Published: 01 September 2023
...) at a rate not less than 30 40 °C (55 70 °F)/minute. During this cooling process an undercooling below the chosen isothermal transformation temperature must be avoided to prevent the formation of bainite. Hold at this temperature for a sufficient length of time so as to allow complete transformation...
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View articletitled, SAE 1055, CEN C55, ISO C55: Wrought Medium-Carbon Non-Alloy Steels
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for article titled, SAE 1055, CEN C55, ISO C55: Wrought Medium-Carbon Non-Alloy Steels
1055, C55, C55E, and C55R are wrought medium-carbon (carbon = 0.50–0.60%) non-alloy steels that are used in the normalized, cold worked, quenched and tempered, or austempered condition. 1055, C55E, and C55R may also be flame or induction hardened, nitrided, or nitrocarburized. These steels are widely used for moderately and highly stressed parts that require higher strength levels than can be achieved by the lower carbon grades, and where the expense of an alloy steel is not justified. They are also used for applications where the higher carbon is needed to improve wear characteristics. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: CS-258. Producer or source: Heat Treater's Guide.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1977) 26 (6): Ni-245.
Published: 01 June 1977
.... Austenite can be prevented from transforming to martensite by isothermally transforming it to bainite at higher temperatures. This results in a crack-free hard-surfaced overlay. (Caution: After using isothermal annealing to prevent cracking, the part must then never be hardened, or cracking will occur...
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View articletitled, COLMONOY No. 56: Hard Surfacing Alloy
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for article titled, COLMONOY No. 56: Hard Surfacing Alloy
COLMONOY No. 56 comprises a chromium-boride-containing, nickel-base alloy recommended for hard surfacing parts to resist wear, corrosion, heat and galling. Deposits, which have only moderate hardness (Rockwell C 50-55), may be machined with carbide tooling. Also, deposits have fairly good workability, ductility, and impact strength. Colmonoy No. 56 is supplied as crushed powder for application with Wall Colmonoy's SPRAYWELD and FUSEWELD Processes, or by conventional plasma-spray transferred-arc. Also, it is supplied as bare rod for either oxyacetylene or TIG (Heliarc) applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and compressive strength. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and powder metal forms. Filing Code: Ni-245. Producer or source: Wall Colmonoy Corporation.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1988) 37 (12): TS-494.
Published: 01 December 1988
.../asm.ad.ts0494 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 endothermic atmosphere is used, have dewpoint at +45/ 50 F. In exothermic aunosphere use about 2/4% excess oxygen. The isothermal transformation diagram for SO- LAR alloy is shown in Fig. 1. Put work into furnace or salt bath at the hardening temperature of 1550...
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View articletitled, CARPENTER SOLAR: Water Hardening Tool Steel, Type S2
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for article titled, CARPENTER SOLAR: Water Hardening Tool Steel, Type S2
CARPENTER SOLAR alloy is an extremely tough, water-hardening tool steel. Large sections harden to a hard case with a tough core. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-494. Producer or source: Carpenter.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1978) 27 (6): TS-334.
Published: 01 June 1978
... - Isothermal-transformation diagram. Fig. 1 - Effect of austenitizing and tempering temperatures on hardness. DOI: 10.31399/asm.ad.ts0334 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 Heat Treatment: Annealing: Heat to 850-9OOoC (1560-16500F), cool at approximately 1oOC (200F) per hour to about 7OoOC (12900F), then cool...
Abstract
View articletitled, STORA ASP 23: Molybdenum Tungsten High-Speed Steel, Type M32
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for article titled, STORA ASP 23: Molybdenum Tungsten High-Speed Steel, Type M32
STORA ASP 23 high-speed tool steel offers very good abrasion resistance and resistance to softening at elevated temperatures. The excellent size stability and good grindability of this steel make it highly suitable for tools of complicated shape, such as hobs, broaches and threading dies. The high combination of wear resistance, tensile properties and toughness make ASP 23 suitable also for cold-work tools. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-334. Producer or source: Stora Kopparberg, Special Steels Division.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1967) 16 (11): TS-199.
Published: 01 November 1967
.../asm.ad.ts0199 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 Isothermal Transformation Diagram P i'i 7 i" 8, so - seconds - --Mmvm - - HO"" - HRC=Rockw.ll C Hordnes. Heat Treatment: Annealing: Heat at 730-75OT (1345-138oOF) and furnace cool. Hardening: Heat at 1070-115oOC (1960-21OO F), quench in oil or air, and temper...
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View articletitled, BÖHLER-WPZ: Hot Work Tool Steel
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for article titled, BÖHLER-WPZ: Hot Work Tool Steel
Böhler (or Boehler) WPZ is a high alloy special steel designed to withstand the optimal requirements made on hot work steel. It is recommended for rod and tube extrusion dies, and for injection and compression molding dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-199. Producer or source: Böhler Uddeholm N.A..
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1997) 46 (5): TS-555.
Published: 01 May 1997
.... mechanicaL and hydraulic forging presses. Imerts and tools have many applications in the production of steel, stainless. aluminum, magnesium forgings, and so forth. Note: An isothermal transformation diagram is available from the plWlllCeh. Products Available: DURODI is furnished in rings. disks. blocks...
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View articletitled, DURODI: Hot-Work Die Steel
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for article titled, DURODI: Hot-Work Die Steel
DURODI is a hot-work die steel with relatively high percentages of nickel, chromium, molybdenum, and silicon for good abrasion and heat resistance. This datasheet provides information on composition, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating and joining. Filing Code: TS-555. Producer or source: A. Finkl & Sons Company.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1977) 26 (1): TS-312.
Published: 01 January 1977
... AT TRANSFORMATION TEMPERATURE Fig. 3 - Isothermal-transformation diagram. Heat Treatment: Normalizing: If proper precautions are taken in controlling the amount of working, the finishing temperature, and the forging temperature, it is generally not necessary to normalize Carpenter No. 481. However, should...
Abstract
View articletitled, CARPENTER No. 481: Oil Hardening Shock Resisting Tool Steel, Type S5
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for article titled, CARPENTER No. 481: Oil Hardening Shock Resisting Tool Steel, Type S5
CARPENTER No. 481 is a fine-grained, oil-hardening electric-furnace tool steel for applications involving shock. It combines exceptional toughness to withstand the stresses in service, and good hardness to resist wear and abrasion. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-312. Producer or source: Carpenter.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1972) 21 (10): SA-281.
Published: 01 October 1972
... by extended heating near the Acm temperature, or by isothermal transformation at 1275oF following austenitizing. Harden: Oil quench from 1500-155OoF, then temper to desired hardness. It is desirable to quench into hot oil (2000F minimum). Machinability: For most machining operations on STROLOY 503-A, a fully...
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View articletitled, STROLOY 503-A: Through Hardening Bearing Steel
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for article titled, STROLOY 503-A: Through Hardening Bearing Steel
STROLOY 503-A is a through-hardening steel developed for bearing races. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-281. Producer or source: Babcock & Wilcox Company. See also Alloy Digest SA-406, February 1985.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1967) 16 (7): TS-195.
Published: 01 July 1967
... is recom- mended to avoid retention of ausrenice. (The isothermal transformation diagram shows the delay before transformation begins and reveals the possibility of interrupted quenching treatments. Quench- ing in salt at 500-55OoC (930-102O F) reduces scaling and hardening stresses, and air cooling after...
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View articletitled, JESSOP-SAVILLE JO. SPECIAL: Hot Work Tool Steel
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for article titled, JESSOP-SAVILLE JO. SPECIAL: Hot Work Tool Steel
Jessop-Saville JO. Special is a basic hot work tool steel exhibiting good red-hardness and abrasion resistance at elevated temperatures. It is recommended for forging and extrusion dies. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: TS-195. Producer or source: Jessop-Saville Ltd, Brightside Works.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1985) 34 (11): TS-449.
Published: 01 November 1985
... soft skins. DOI: 10.31399/asm.ad.ts0449 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 m so0 ml 0 @I -m - z - - - =I: SE ara WE 41 TIME - SECONDS Fig. 1 - Isothermal transformation diagram. Table 3 - EFFECT OF TEMPERED HARDNESS ON TENSILE PROPERTIES (Specimens austenitized. quenched and tempered to hardness...
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View articletitled, CARPENTER H-9 DOUBLE HEADER DIE STEEL: 0.90 C Die Steel, Type W1
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for article titled, CARPENTER H-9 DOUBLE HEADER DIE STEEL: 0.90 C Die Steel, Type W1
CARPENTER H-9 DOUBLE HEADER DIE STEEL was developed specifically to solve chipping, splitting, spalling and cracking in cold header die applications. All billets are acid disc inspected to ensure center soundness and they are tested for hardenability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-449. Producer or source: Carpenter.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1966) 15 (2): SA-192.
Published: 01 February 1966
... -OF 60 Heat Treatment: AC, 1340 Ar, 1320 AC, 1415 Ar, 1270 Normalize: Air cool from 1650-1700 deg. F. Anneal: Furnace cool from 1425-1450 deg. F. Spheroidize: Slow cool (about 5 deghr.) follow- ing austenitizing by extended heating at a temperature near the Acm point, or by isothermal transformation...
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View articletitled, VASCO MOMARC CVM: Bearing Steel
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for article titled, VASCO MOMARC CVM: Bearing Steel
Vasco Momarc CVM is a modification of AISI 52100 steel where the manganese has been replaced by molybdenum to provide the desirable hardenability. It is more resistant to tempering than 52100 which makes it ideal for bearing applications. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-192. Producer or source: Vanadium Alloys Steel Company.
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1977) 26 (11): Bi-1.
Published: 01 November 1977
... point, low melting point and the small amount of heat required to keep them in molten condition, fusible alloys are used in autoclaves, tempering and isothermal- transformation baths for small tools and constant-tem- perature equipment. General Characteristics: ASARCOLO 158 and ASARCOLO 255 are bismuth...
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View articletitled, ASARCOLO 158 and 255: Bismuth-Base Fusible Alloys
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for article titled, ASARCOLO 158 and 255: Bismuth-Base Fusible Alloys
ASARCOLO 158 and 255 are eutectic alloys that are easily melted. Each number indicates a eutectic with a single melting point; thus ASARCOLO 158 has a melting point of 158 F and ASARCOLO 255 melts at 255 F. These alloys have a wide range of uses in aiding foundry and machine-shop practice, for bending thin sections, anchoring components, spotting fixtures, transferring heat, soldering and sealing. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Bi-1. Producer or source: Federated Metals Corporation, ASARCO Inc..
Journal Articles
Alloy Digest (1978) 27 (9): TS-338.
Published: 01 September 1978
... = pearlita Austanitizing temparature lZOODo C. ZtW F Fig. 1 - Effect of austenitizing and tempering tempera- tures on hardness. Fig. 2 - Isothermal-transformation diagram. DOI: 10.31399/asm.ad.ts0338 Copyright © ASM International® 1996 Fig. 3 - Carbide distribution in high-speed steels. Left: Conventional...
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View articletitled, STORA ASP 30: Molybdenum Tungsten Cobalt High-Speed Steel
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for article titled, STORA ASP 30: Molybdenum Tungsten Cobalt High-Speed Steel
STORA ASP 30 is a high hardenability tungsten-molybdenum alloyed high-speed steel with high cobalt content. It is recommended for cutting tools for hard-to-machine material and high cutting speeds. It has excellent wear resistance, toughness, hot hardness and resistance to tempering. The excellent size stability and good grindability of ASP 30 make it very suitable for tools with a complicated shape. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, microstructure, hardness, and elasticity. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: TS-338. Producer or source: Stora Kopparberg, Special Steels Division.
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